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Ghrelin (/ ˈ ɡ r ɛ l ɪ n /; or lenomorelin, INN) is a hormone primarily produced by enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, [5] [6] and is often called a "hunger hormone" because it increases the drive to eat. [6]
Ghrelin is a peptide hormone released from the stomach and liver and is often referred to as the "hunger hormone" since high levels of it are found in individuals that are fasting. Ghrelin agonistic treatments can be used to treat illnesses such as anorexia and loss of appetites in cancer patients.
Ghrelin released from ε-cells have been found to promote cell growth and proliferation while also inhibiting apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells in the human pancreas. [5] Some ε-cells express cytokeratin 20 , a marker of duct cells and islet precursor cells, hinting that these islet cells originate from the ductal epithelium.
Ghrelin, released from the stomach, is a hormone that increases appetite and reduces energy expenditure. In a study where subjects were restricted to 4 hours of sleep per night for 2 nights, leptin levels decreased by 18% and ghrelin levels increased by 28%.
Obestatin is encoded by the same gene that encodes ghrelin, a peptide hormone.The mRNA produced from the GHRL gene has four exons. Five products of similar structure and function arise: the first is the 117-amino acid preproghrelin.
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One transcript, 1a, excises an intron and encodes the functional protein; this protein is the receptor for the ghrelin ligand and defines a neuroendocrine pathway for growth hormone release. The second transcript (1b) retains the intron and does not function as a receptor for ghrelin; however, it may function to attenuate activity of isoform 1a ...