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The main difference between the effects of single and multiple scattering is that single scattering can usually be treated as a random phenomenon, whereas multiple scattering, somewhat counterintuitively, can be modeled as a more deterministic process because the combined results of a large number of scattering events tend to average out.
The photelectron scattering amplitude in the low energy range (5-200 eV) of the photoelectron kinetic energy become much larger so that multiple scattering events become dominant in the XANES (or NEXAFS) spectra. The wavelength of the photoelectron is dependent on the energy and phase of the backscattered wave which exists at the central atom ...
EXAFS, resulting from the interference in the single scattering process of the photoelectron scattered by surrounding atoms, provides information on the local structure. Information on the geometry of the local structure is provided by the analysis of the multiple scattering peaks in the XANES spectra. The XAFS acronym has been later introduced ...
Rutherford computes the probability of single scattering from a compact charge and demonstrates that it is 3 times larger than Thomson's multiple scattering probability. Rutherford completes his analysis including the effects of density and foil thickness, then concludes that thin foils are governed by single scattering, not multiple scattering.
Diffuse correlation spectrometry is an extension of single-scattering dynamic light scattering (DLS). Single-scattering theory becomes inadequate as multiple scattering effects take place in biological thick tissues. Therefore, each scattering event contributes to the decay of the correlation function.
The X-ray absorption near-edge structure , introduced in 1980 and later in 1983 and also called NEXAFS (near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure), which are dominated by core transitions to quasi bound states (multiple scattering resonances) for photoelectrons with kinetic energy in the range from 10 to 150 eV above the chemical potential ...
The dynamical theory of diffraction considers the wave field in the periodic potential of the crystal and takes into account all multiple scattering effects. Unlike the kinematic theory of diffraction which describes the approximate position of Bragg or Laue diffraction peaks in reciprocal space , dynamical theory corrects for refraction, shape ...
Consider the scattering of a beam of wavelength by an assembly of particles or atoms stationary at positions , =, …,.Assume that the scattering is weak, so that the amplitude of the incident beam is constant throughout the sample volume (Born approximation), and absorption, refraction and multiple scattering can be neglected (kinematic diffraction).