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  2. Plasma (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)

    The plasma approximation: The plasma approximation applies when the plasma parameter Λ, [26] representing the number of charge carriers within the Debye sphere is much higher than unity. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] It can be readily shown that this criterion is equivalent to smallness of the ratio of the plasma electrostatic and thermal energy densities.

  3. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    Artificial plasma produced in air by a Jacob's Ladder. The extremely strong potential difference between the two rods ionize particles in the air, creating a plasma. A gas is usually converted to a plasma in one of two ways, either from a huge voltage difference between two points, or by exposing it to extremely high temperatures.

  4. Plasma parameters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_parameters

    The plasma collisionality is defined as [4] [5] =, where denotes the electron-ion collision frequency, is the major radius of the plasma, is the inverse aspect-ratio, and is the safety factor. The plasma parameters m i {\displaystyle m_{\mathrm {i} }} and T i {\displaystyle T_{\mathrm {i} }} denote, respectively, the mass and temperature of the ...

  5. Glossary of chemistry terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_chemistry_terms

    This glossary of chemistry terms is a list of terms and definitions relevant to chemistry, including chemical laws, diagrams and formulae, laboratory tools, glassware, and equipment. Chemistry is a physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter , as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions ...

  6. Matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter

    Hydrogen in its plasma state is the most abundant ordinary matter in the universe.. In classical physics and general chemistry, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume. [1]

  7. Nonthermal plasma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonthermal_plasma

    A nonthermal plasma, cold plasma or non-equilibrium plasma is a plasma which is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, because the electron temperature is much hotter than the temperature of heavy species (ions and neutrals).

  8. Chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry

    Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. [1] It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances.

  9. Plasma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma

    Plasma (game engine), a real-time 3D game engine from Cyan Worlds Plasma display, a flat-panel electronic visual display technology, commonly used for televisions; Plasma effect, a computer-based animated visual effect, used in graphics demonstrations