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The city, known alternatively in Ottoman Turkish as Ḳosṭanṭīnīye (قسطنطينيه after the Arabic form al-Qusṭanṭīniyyah القسطنطينية) or Istanbul, while its Christian minorities continued to call it Constantinople, as did people writing in French, English, and other European languages, was the capital of the Ottoman ...
Air pollution in Turkey, such as fine dust from traffic, is a serious problem in Istanbul. [1] [2] Although the historic peninsula was partially pedestrianised in the early 21st century, [3] a 2015 study found that this is the part of the city which would benefit most from a low emission zone. [4]
6 April-29 May: Final Siege of Constantinople; City besieged by Ottoman forces; Mehmed II in power. Capital of the Ottoman Empire relocated to Constantinople from Edirne. [5] Hagia Sophia (converted from Orthodox cathedral to mosque) in use. [6] Medrese predecessor of Istanbul University established. Population: 40,000–50,000; 1454
This tower was destroyed by the Crusaders during the Sack of Constantinople in 1204. In 1267 a Genoese colony was established in the Galata part of Constantinople . It was surrounded by walls and the Galata Tower was first built at their highest point as the Christea Turris (Tower of Christ) in Romanesque style [ 1 ] [ 3 ] in 1348 during an ...
In 1929, Turkish government advocated for the use of Istanbul in English instead of Constantinople. [31] The U.S. State Department began using "Istanbul" in May 1930. [32] Names other than استانبول (İstanbul) had become obsolete in the Turkish language after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. [18]
Virtual image of Constantinople in Byzantine era.In the foreground of the image to the right, the Boukoleon Palace. Hormisdas is an earlier name of the place. The name Bucoleon was probably attributed after the end of the 6th century under Justinian I, when the small harbour in front of the palace, which is now filled, was constructed.