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Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is the process or the result of sequence alignment of three or more biological sequences, generally protein, DNA, or RNA. These alignments are used to infer evolutionary relationships via phylogenetic analysis and can highlight homologous features between sequences.
Multiple sequence alignment is an extension of pairwise alignment to incorporate more than two sequences at a time. Multiple alignment methods try to align all of the sequences in a given query set. Multiple alignments are often used in identifying conserved sequence regions across a group of sequences hypothesized to be evolutionarily related.
Fast statistical alignment or FSA is a multiple sequence alignment program for aligning many proteins, RNAs, or long genomic DNA sequences. Along with MUSCLE and MAFFT, FSA is one of the few sequence alignment programs which can align datasets of hundreds or thousands of sequences. FSA uses a different optimization criterion which allows it to ...
The gap information is usually used in the form of indel frequency profiles, which is more specific for the sequences to be aligned. ClustalW and MAFFT adopted this kind of gap penalty determination for their multiple sequence alignments. [13] Alignment accuracies can be improved using this model, especially for proteins with low sequence identity.
A guide tree is calculated from the scores of the sequences in the matrix, then subsequently used to build the multiple sequence alignment by progressively aligning the sequences in order of similarity. [15] Clustal creates multiple sequence alignments through three main steps: Complete a pairwise alignment using the progressive alignment method.
T-Coffee (Tree-based Consistency Objective Function for Alignment Evaluation) is a multiple sequence alignment software using a progressive approach. [1] It generates a library of pairwise alignments to guide the multiple sequence alignment.
Align-m is a multiple sequence alignment program written by Ivo Van Walle. Align-m has the ability to accomplish the following tasks: multiple sequence alignment, include extra information to guide the sequence alignment, multiple structural alignment, homology modeling by (iteratively) combining sequence and structure alignment data,
MUltiple Sequence Comparison by Log-Expectation (MUSCLE) is a computer software for multiple sequence alignment of protein and nucleotide sequences. It is licensed as public domain. The method was published by Robert C. Edgar in two papers in 2004. The first paper, published in Nucleic Acids Research, introduced the sequence alignment algorithm ...