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The optimal output, shown in the graph as , is the level of output at which marginal cost equals marginal revenue. The price that induces that quantity of output is the height of the demand curve at that quantity (denoted P m {\displaystyle P_{m}} ).
Allocation efficiency occurs when there is an optimal distribution of goods and services, considering consumer's preference. When the price equals marginal cost of production, the allocation efficiency is at the output level. This is because the optimal distribution is achieved when the marginal utility of good equals the marginal cost.
Consequently, the societally optimal firm size is OQ 2, where long-run average cost is at its lowest level. The socially optimal firm size is the size for a company in a given industry at a given time which results in the lowest production costs per unit of output.
The isocost line is combined with the isoquant map to determine the optimal production point at any given level of output. Specifically, the point of tangency between any isoquant and an isocost line gives the lowest-cost combination of inputs that can produce the level of output associated with that isoquant.
Productive efficiency: no additional output of one good can be obtained without decreasing the output of another good, and production proceeds at the lowest possible average total cost. These definitions are not equivalent: a market or other economic system may be allocatively but not productively efficient, or productively but not allocatively ...
These functions describe each firm's optimal (profit-maximizing) quantity of output given the price firms face in the market, , the marginal cost, , and output quantity of rival firms. The functions can be thought of as describing a firm's "Best Response" to the other firm's level of output.
Each line segment is an isocost line representing one particular level of total input costs, denoted TC, with P L being the unit price of labor and P K the unit price of physical capital. The convex curves are isoquants, each showing various combinations of input usages that would give the particular output level designated by the particular ...
As the target level of output is increased, the relevant isoquant becomes farther and farther out from the origin, and still it is optimal in a cost-minimization sense to operate at the tangency point of the relevant isoquant with an isocost curve. The set of all such tangency points is called the firm's expansion path.