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During the Liberal democracy period in Indonesia and Guided Democracy that followed it under Sukarno, the common phrase used in speech and formal meetings was "Merdeka", the Indonesian and Malay word for independence or freedom, or variations of it such as "Salam Merdeka ". [3] [4] Sukarno often used this phrase during his speeches and orations ...
Some of the more famous keynote speeches in the United States are those made at the party conventions during Democratic and Republican presidential campaigns. Keynote speakers at these events have often gained nationwide fame (or notoriety); for example, Barack Obama at the 2004 Democratic National Convention, and have occasionally influenced the course of the election.
Invitational rhetoric is a theory of rhetoric developed by Sonja K. Foss and Cindy L. Griffin in 1995. [1]Invitational rhetoric is defined as “an invitation to understanding as a means to create a relationship rooted in equality, immanent value, and self-determination.” [1] The theory challenges the traditional definition of rhetoric as persuasion—the effort to change others—because ...
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika included in the National emblem of Indonesia, the Garuda Pancasila. Bhinneka Tunggal Ika is the official national motto of Indonesia.It is inscribed in the national emblem of Indonesia, the Garuda Pancasila, written on the scroll gripped by the Garuda's claws.
Harry S. Truman's inaugural address, known as the Four Point Speech, was delivered by United States president Harry S. Truman, on Thursday, January 20, 1949. In a world only recently emerged from the shadow of World War II , in which freedom and human rights seemed under threat from many sides, this was Truman's response.
In September 1927, Hatta and other members were arrested for inciting resistance to Dutch authority in the East Indies, but thanks to a rousing defense speech by Hatta, they were acquitted. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Back in the East Indies, in 1927, nationalist and future Indonesian president Sukarno turned his study club into the Indonesian Nationalist ...
The youth pledge text. The Youth Pledge (Indonesian: Sumpah Pemuda, lit. ' Youth Oath '), officially titled as Decision of the Congress of Indonesian Youth (van Ophuijsen spelling Indonesian: Poetoesan Congres Pemoeda-pemoeda Indonesia) is the pledge made by young Indonesians since 28 October 1928, which defined the identity of Indonesians.
The Independence Day of Indonesia (in Indonesian formally known as Hari Ulang Tahun Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia shortened "HUT RI", or simply Hari Kemerdekaan, and colloquially referred by the people as Tujuhbelasan, meaning "the Seventeenth") is a national holiday in Indonesia commemorating the anniversary of Indonesia's proclamation of independence on 17 August 1945. [1]