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Vomiting (also known as emesis, puking and throwing up) [a] is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. [1]
Nausea and or vomiting is the main complaint in 1.6% of visits to family physicians in Australia. [6] However, only 25% of people with nausea visit their family physician. [ 1 ] In Australia, nausea, as opposed to vomiting, occurs most frequently in persons aged 15–24 years, and is less common in other age groups.
Benefits are greater if used before the onset of symptoms or shortly after symptoms begin. [2] Side effects, however, may limit the use of medications. [3] A number of medications used for nausea such as ondansetron and metoclopramide are not effective in motion sickness. [3] [2]
Hypersalivation or hypersialosis is the excessive production of saliva. [3] It has also been defined as increased amount of saliva in the mouth, which may also be caused by decreased clearance of saliva.
Although described as "morning sickness," pregnant women can experience this nausea any time of day or night. The exact cause of morning sickness remains unknown. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is typically mild and self-limited, resolving on its own by the 14th week of pregnancy. Other causes should also be ruled out when considering treatment.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a chronic functional condition of unknown pathogenesis.CVS is characterized as recurring episodes lasting a single day to multiple weeks. Each episode is divided into four phases: inter-episodic, prodrome, vomiting, and recove
Retching (also known as dry heaving) is the reverse movement (retroperistalsis) of the stomach and esophagus without vomiting. [1] It can be caused by bad smells or choking, or by withdrawal from certain medications, or after vomiting has completed.
Dopamine receptor flow chart. Dopamine receptors are all G protein–coupled receptors, and are divided into two classes based on which G-protein they are coupled to. [1] The D 1-like class of dopamine receptors is coupled to Gα s/olf and stimulates adenylate cyclase production, whereas the D 2-like class is coupled to Gα i/o and thus inhibits adenylate cyclase production.