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The enlarging uterus, growing fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid, normal increase in body fat, and increase in water retention all contribute weight gain during pregnancy. The amount of weight gain can vary from 5 pounds (2.3 kg) to over 100 pounds (45 kg). In the United States, the range of weight gain that doctors generally recommend is 25 ...
Although early reduction of placental development is not accompanied by concurrent reduction of fetal growth; [42] it tends to limit fetal growth later in gestation. Normally, ovine placental mass increases until about day 70 of gestation, [45] but high demand on the placenta for fetal growth occurs later. (For example, research results suggest ...
Low pre-pregnancy BMI increases the risk of low birth weight infants, but the risk can be balanced by an appropriate gestational weight gain from 12.5 to 18.0 kilograms in total, or about 0.5 kilogram each week in the second and third trimesters.
The IOM has recommended the ranges of weight gain to be 12.5–18 kg, 11.5–16 kg, 7-11.5 kg, and 5–9 kg respectively. That is, the smaller the BMI pre pregnancy, the more weight a woman is expected to gain during her pregnancy. [3]
Adequate nutrition is needed for a healthy fetus. Mothers who gain less than 20 pounds during pregnancy are at increased risk for having a preterm or low birth weight infant. [51] Iron and iodine are especially important during prenatal development. Mothers who are deficient in iron are at risk for having a preterm or low birth weight infant. [52]
Group A had 90 fetuses of 9–12 weeks of gestation and the weight varied between 1-14 grams. Group B had 337 fetuses, age 13–16 weeks of gestation with weight variation between 15 and 105 grams whereas the third group had 435 fetuses of 17–20 weeks of gestation with a weight range between 106 and 310 grams.
Weight gain is related to the weight of the baby, the placenta, extra circulatory fluid, larger tissues, and fat and protein stores. [16] Most needed weight gain occurs later in pregnancy. [103] The Institute of Medicine recommends an overall pregnancy weight gain for those of normal weight (body mass index of 18.5–24.9), of 11.3–15.9 kg ...
Gestational age: 8 weeks and 0 days until 8 weeks and 6 days old. 57–63 days from last menstruation. Embryonic age: Week nr 7. 6 weeks old. 43–49 days from fertilization. The embryo measures 18 mm (3 ⁄ 4 in) in length. Fetal heart tone (the sound of the heart beat) can be heard using doppler. Nipples and hair follicles begin to form.