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[1] In 1988, the method came to the attention to mathematical olympiad problems in the light of the first olympiad problem to use it in a solution that was proposed for the International Mathematics Olympiad and assumed to be the most difficult problem on the contest: [2] [3] Let a and b be positive integers such that ab + 1 divides a 2 + b 2.
Proof by contradiction is similar to refutation by contradiction, [4] [5] also known as proof of negation, which states that ¬P is proved as follows: The proposition to be proved is ¬P. Assume P. Derive falsehood. Conclude ¬P. In contrast, proof by contradiction proceeds as follows: The proposition to be proved is P. Assume ¬P. Derive ...
In mathematics, a proof by infinite descent, also known as Fermat's method of descent, is a particular kind of proof by contradiction [1] used to show that a statement cannot possibly hold for any number, by showing that if the statement were to hold for a number, then the same would be true for a smaller number, leading to an infinite descent and ultimately a contradiction. [2]
This resolution technique uses proof by contradiction and is based on the fact that any sentence in propositional logic can be transformed into an equivalent sentence in conjunctive normal form. [4] The steps are as follows. All sentences in the knowledge base and the negation of the sentence to be proved (the conjecture) are conjunctively ...
In mathematics, a minimal counterexample is the smallest example which falsifies a claim, and a proof by minimal counterexample is a method of proof which combines the use of a minimal counterexample with the ideas of proof by induction and proof by contradiction. [1] [2] More specifically, in trying to prove a proposition P, one first assumes ...
The development of analytical geometry and rigorous integral calculus in the 17th-19th centuries subsumed the method of exhaustion so that it is no longer explicitly used to solve problems. An important alternative approach was Cavalieri's principle , also termed the method of indivisibles which eventually evolved into the infinitesimal ...