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For commutative rings, ideas of algebraic geometry make it natural to take a "small neighborhood" of a ring to be the localization at a prime ideal. In which case, a property is said to be local if it can be detected from the local rings. For instance, being a flat module over a commutative ring is a local property, but being a free module is not
The definition of local minimum point can also proceed similarly. In both the global and local cases, the concept of a strict extremum can be defined. For example, x ∗ is a strict global maximum point if for all x in X with x ≠ x ∗ , we have f ( x ∗ ) > f ( x ) , and x ∗ is a strict local maximum point if there exists some ε > 0 such ...
The gradient descent can take many iterations to compute a local minimum with a required accuracy, if the curvature in different directions is very different for the given function. For such functions, preconditioning, which changes the geometry of the space to shape the function level sets like concentric circles, cures the slow convergence ...
Three spin-off games accompany the main series: Geometry Dash Meltdown, Geometry Dash World and Geometry Dash SubZero. Geometry Dash Lite is a free version of the main game that removes certain levels and icons, the level editor, and many online features. Both the spinoff games and Geometry Dash Lite contain advertisements.
min – minimum of a set. mod – modulo. Mp – metaplectic group. mtanh – modified hyperbolic tangent function. (Also written as mth.) mth – modified hyperbolic tangent function. (Also written as mtanh.) mx – matrix.
Hyperbolic paraboloid A model of an elliptic hyperboloid of one sheet A monkey saddle. A saddle surface is a smooth surface containing one or more saddle points.. Classical examples of two-dimensional saddle surfaces in the Euclidean space are second order surfaces, the hyperbolic paraboloid = (which is often referred to as "the saddle surface" or "the standard saddle surface") and the ...
Powell's method, strictly Powell's conjugate direction method, is an algorithm proposed by Michael J. D. Powell for finding a local minimum of a function. The function need not be differentiable, and no derivatives are taken. The function must be a real-valued function of a fixed number of real-valued inputs.
Variational definition: A surface is minimal if and only if it is a critical point of the area functional for all compactly supported variations. This definition makes minimal surfaces a 2-dimensional analogue to geodesics, which are analogously defined as critical points of the length functional.