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The series number is the opening diameter of the tapered receptacle, in millimetres. ER collets collapse to hold parts up to 1 mm smaller than the nominal collet internal size in most of the series (up to 2 mm smaller in ER-50, and 0.5 mm in smaller sizes) and are available in 1 mm or 0.5 mm steps.
A few sizes are close enough to interchange for most purposes, such as 19 mm (close to 3 ⁄ 4 inch (19.05 mm)), 8 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 16 inch (7.94 mm)) and 4 mm (close to 5 ⁄ 32 inch (3.97 mm)). In reality, a wrench with a width across the flats of exactly 15 mm would fit too tightly to use on a bolt with a width across the flats of 15 mm.
The R8 system is commonly used with collets ranging in size from 1 ⁄ 8 ″ to 3 ⁄ 4 ″ in diameter or tool holders with the same or slightly larger diameters. The collets or tool holders are placed directly into the spindle and the drawbar is tightened into the top of the collet or tool holder from above the spindle.
The penalty is that most collets can only accommodate a single size of workpiece. An exception is the ER collet which typically has a working range of 1 mm (about 0.04 in). Collets usually are made to hold cylindrical work, but are available to hold square, hexagonal or octagonal workpieces.
where is the tap drill size, is the major diameter of the tap (e.g., 10 mm for a M10×1.5 tap), and pitch is the pitch of the thread (1.5 mm in the case of a standard M10 tap) and so the correct drill size is 8.5 mm. This works for both fine and coarse pitches, and also produces an approximate 75% thread.
For both of these rules of thumb (85%/90% and major minus pitch), the tap drill size yielded is not necessarily the only possible one, but it is a good one for general use. The 85% and 90% rules works best in the range of 1 ⁄ 4 –1 in (6.4–25.4 mm), the sizes most important on many shop floors. Some sizes outside that range have different ...
The hole which forms the collet fingers may be graduated/ sloped or may be stepped (i.e., have multiple diameters, usually two). The former accommodates a wide range of taps, but does not hold any of them with special security; the latter will accommodate two different sizes of taps (only) but will hold either with exceptional strength. [1]
Many routers come with removable collets for the popular shank sizes (in the US 1 ⁄ 2 in and 1 ⁄ 4 in, in Great Britain 1 ⁄ 2 in, 8 mm and 1 ⁄ 4 in, and metric sizes in Europe—although in the United States the 3 ⁄ 8 in and 8 mm sizes are often only available for an extra cost).