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Childhood-onset nephrotic syndrome differs from the adult nephrotic syndrome in that the former often has a single common cause that typically responds well to steroid treatment. In adults, there are numerous potential causes, which makes an early kidney biopsy necessary to determine the correct diagnosis and treatment plan. [ 4 ]
Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine , low blood albumin levels , high blood lipids , and significant swelling . Other symptoms may include weight gain, feeling tired, and foamy urine.
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a syndrome of the kidney that is characterized by a rapid loss of kidney function, [4] [5] (usually a 50% decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) within 3 months) [5] with glomerular crescent formation seen in at least 50% [5] or 75% [4] of glomeruli seen on kidney biopsies.
The standard diagnostic workup of suspected kidney disease includes a medical history, physical examination, a urine test, and an ultrasound of the kidneys (renal ultrasonography). An ultrasound is essential in the diagnosis and management of kidney disease. [28]
Nephrosis is any of various forms of kidney disease (nephropathy). In an old and broad sense of the term, it is any nephropathy, [1] but in current usage the term is usually restricted to a narrower sense of nephropathy without inflammation or neoplasia, [2] in which sense it is distinguished from nephritis, which involves inflammation.
Similar to other causes of nephrotic syndrome (e.g., focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or minimal change disease), membranous nephropathy is known to predispose affected individuals to develop blood clots such as pulmonary emboli. Membranous nephropathy in particular is known to increase this risk more than other causes of nephrotic syndrome ...
Different sources include different questions to be asked while conducting an HPI. Several acronyms have been developed to categorize the appropriate questions to include. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has published criteria for what constitutes a reimbursable HPI. A "brief HPI" constitutes one to three of these elements.
FSGS accounts for 35% of all cases of nephrotic syndrome, making it one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in the United States. [8] FSGS accounts for 2% of all cases of kidney failure. [4] African American patients have four times the likelihood of developing FSGS. Men are about two times as likely to develop FSGS compared to ...