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There are many issues which affect the decision for planned vaginal or planned abdominal delivery. There is a slightly higher risk for uterine rupture and perinatal death of the child with VBAC than ERCS, but the absolute increased risk of these complications is small, especially with only one previous low transverse caesarean section. [1]
An important risk factor for placenta accreta is placenta previa in the presence of a uterine scar. Placenta previa is an independent risk factor for placenta accreta. Additional reported risk factors for placenta accreta include maternal age and multiparity, other prior uterine surgery, prior uterine curettage, uterine irradiation, endometrial ablation, Asherman syndrome, uterine leiomyomata ...
The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) is a professional association based in London, United Kingdom. Its members, including people with and without medical degrees, work in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology , [ 1 ] that is, pregnancy , childbirth , and female sexual and reproductive health .
642.7 Pre-eclampsia or eclampsia superimposed on pre-existing hypertension; 643 Excessive vomiting in pregnancy. 643.0 Mild hyperemesis gravidarum; 643.1 Hyperemesis gravidarum with metabolic disturbance; 643.9 Vomiting of pregnancy, unspec. 644 Early or threatened labor. 644.0 Threatened premature labor; 644.1 Other threatened labor; 644.2 ...
Placenta accreta risk factors include placenta previa, abnormally elevated second-trimester AFP and free β-hCG levels, and advanced gestational parent age, specifically over the age of 35. [ 55 ] [ 56 ] Furthermore, prior cesarean delivery is one of the most common risk factors for placenta accreta, due to the presence of a uterine scar ...
In those with placenta accreta (in which the placenta invades into the muscular layer of the uterus) planned caesarian delivery is recommended due to the very high risk of PPH although the optimal time for planned delivery is not well established with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommending planned caesarian at ...
Velamentous cord insertion occurs in between 0.1%-1.8% of all pregnancies, [6] and is eight to ten times more frequent in multiple pregnancies. [1] [3] [12] This risk is doubled in the case of monochorionic twins, and tripled in the case of fetal growth restriction. [1]
If placenta previa is present at the time of delivery, vaginal delivery is contraindicated because the placenta is blocking the fetus's passageway to the vaginal canal. Herpes simplex virus with active genital lesions or prodromal symptoms is a contraindication for vaginal delivery so as to avoid mother-fetal transfer of HSV lesions.