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Ferredoxin NADP + reductases are present in many organisms, including plants, bacteria, and the mitochondria of eukaryotes. However, these proteins belong to two unrelated protein families and are an example of convergent evolution. [7] [13] The plant-type FNRs (InterPro: IPR015701, InterPro: IPR033892) include the plastidic FNRs seen in plants.
NADPH can also be generated through pathways unrelated to carbon metabolism. The ferredoxin reductase is such an example. Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase transfers the hydrogen between NAD(P)H and NAD(P) +, and is found in eukaryotic mitochondria and many bacteria. There are versions that depend on a proton gradient to work and ones ...
Ferredoxin, also known as an NADP+ reductase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction reaction. It is easy to oxidize NADPH but difficult to reduce NADP +, hence a catalyst is beneficial. Cytochromes are conjugate proteins that contain a haem group. [5] The iron atom from this group undergoes redox reactions:
Ferredoxins (from Latin ferrum: iron + redox, often abbreviated "fd") are iron–sulfur proteins that mediate electron transfer in a range of metabolic reactions. The term "ferredoxin" was coined by D.C. Wharton of the DuPont Co. and applied to the "iron protein" first purified in 1962 by Mortenson, Valentine, and Carnahan from the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum.
Plant pigments usually utilize the last two of these reactions to convert the sun's energy into their own. This initial charge separation occurs in less than 10 picoseconds (10 -11 seconds). In their high-energy states, the special pigment and the acceptor could undergo charge recombination; that is, the electron on the acceptor could move back ...
This category groups enzymes that use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADP + and its reduced form, NADPH) in redox reactions. See also Category:NADH-dependent enzymes.. In general, the NADP is not stably associated with the enzyme, being a coenzyme; hence, we call such enzymes "NADPH-dependent" enzymes, rather than simply "NADPH enzymes".
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor.
A biological coenzyme that acts as an electron carrier in enzymatic reactions. NADP is a reducing agent in anabolic reactions like the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses. NADP exists in two forms: NADP+, the oxidized form, and NADPH, the reduced form.