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From left: [V(H 2 O) 6] 2+ (lilac), [V(H 2 O) 6] 3+ (green), [VO(H 2 O) 5] 2+ (blue) and [VO(H 2 O) 5] 3+ (yellow).. Vanadium compounds are compounds formed by the element vanadium (V). The chemistry of vanadium is noteworthy for the accessibility of the four adjacent oxidation states 2–5, whereas the chemistry of the other group 5 elements, niobium and tantalum, are somewhat more limited to ...
Vanadium(V) oxide (vanadia) is the inorganic compound with the formula V 2 O 5. Commonly known as vanadium pentoxide, it is a dark yellow solid, although when freshly precipitated from aqueous solution, its colour is deep orange. Because of its high oxidation state, it is both an amphoteric oxide and an oxidizing agent.
Vanadium(II) compounds are reducing agents, and vanadium(V) compounds are oxidizing agents. Vanadium(IV) compounds often exist as vanadyl derivatives, which contain the VO 2+ center. [23] Ammonium vanadate(V) (NH 4 VO 3) can be successively reduced with elemental zinc to obtain the different colors of vanadium in these four oxidation states.
Vanadium forms oxides in the +2, +3, +4 and +5 oxidation states, forming vanadium(II) oxide (VO), vanadium(III) oxide (V 2 O 3), vanadium(IV) oxide (VO 2) and vanadium(V) oxide (V 2 O 5). Vanadium(V) oxide or vanadium pentoxide is the most common, being precursor to most alloys and compounds of vanadium, and is also a widely used industrial ...
The complexes [V(CN) 6] 3− and [V 2 Cl 9] 3− are referred to as hexacyanovanadate(III) and nonachlorodivanadate(III), respectively. A simple vanadate ion is the tetrahedral orthovanadate anion, VO 3− 4 (which is also called vanadate(V)), which is present in e.g. sodium orthovanadate and in solutions of V 2 O 5 in strong base ( pH > 13 [ 1
Vanadium(IV) oxide (vanadium dioxide), VO 2; Vanadium(V) oxide (vanadium pentoxide), V 2 O 5; Various other distinct phases include: Phases with the general formula V n O 2n+1 exist between V 2 O 5 and VO 2. Examples of these phases include V 3 O 7, V 4 O 9 and V 6 O 13. [1] Phases with the general formula V n O 2n−1 exist between VO 2 and V ...
Heating a suspension of vanadium pentoxide and phosphoric acid gives VOPO 4 •2H 2 O, isolated as a bright yellow solid. [4] According to X-ray crystallography, the V(V) centers are octahedral, with long, weak bonds to aquo ligands. [5] Reduction of this compound with alcohols gives the vanadium(IV) phosphates.
The vanadium oxides can also be used to produce vanadium(III) chloride. For example, vanadium(III) oxide reacts with thionyl chloride at 200 °C: [15] V 2 O 3 + 3 SOCl 2 → 2 VCl 3 + 3 SO 2. The reaction of vanadium(V) oxide and disulfur dichloride also produces vanadium(III) chloride with the release of sulfur dioxide and sulfur. [15]