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MRI of normal shoulder intratendinous signal MRI of rotator cuff full-thickness tear. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound [46] are comparable in efficacy and helpful in diagnosis, although both have a false positive rate of 15–20%. [47] MRI can reliably detect most full-thickness tears, although very small pinpoint tears may be missed.
The primary cause of shoulder pain is a rotator cuff tear. [20] The supraspinatus is most commonly involved in a rotator cuff tear, [22] but other parts of the rotator cuff may also be involved. There are different severities of a rotator cuff tear, which range from a partial tear to a full-thickness tear. [23]
A SLAP tear (superior labrum anterior to posterior) is a rupture in the glenoid labrum. SLAP tears are characterized by shoulder pain in specific positions, pain associated with overhead activities such as tennis or overhand throwing sports, and weakness of the shoulder. This type of injury often requires surgical repair. [8]
The rotator cuff can cause pain in many different ways including tendonitis, bursitis, calcific tendonitis, partial thickness tears, full thickness tears or mechanical impingement. [5] Tendinitis, bursitis, and impingement syndrome can be treated with tendon repair and the Mumford procedure or acromioplasty. [citation needed]
A SLAP lesion (superior labrum, anterior to posterior) is a tear where the glenoid labrum meets the tendon of the long head of the biceps muscle. Symptoms include increased pain with overhead activity, popping or grinding, loss of strength, and trouble localizing a specific point of pain. [ 3 ]
Orthotherapy is an exercise program that aims to restore the motion and strength of the shoulder muscles. [27] Patients can go through the three phases of orthotherapy to help manage pain and also recover their full range of motion in the rotator cuff.
A Type II AC separation involves complete tearing of the acromioclavicular ligament, as well as a partial tear (but not a full tear) of the coracoclavicular ligaments. [5] This often causes a noticeable bump on the shoulder and partial or incomplete dislocation. [11] [5] This bump is permanent. The clavicle is unstable to direct stress ...
The shoulder joint is composed of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) (see diagram). Two joints facilitate shoulder movement. The acromioclavicular (AC) joint is located between the acromion (part of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder) and the clavicle.