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Sodium cyanide is a compound with the formula Na C N and the structure Na + − C≡N. It is a white, water-soluble solid. Cyanide has a high affinity for metals, which leads to the high toxicity of this salt. Its main application, in gold mining, also exploits its high reactivity toward metals. It is a moderately strong base.
In the laboratory, this compound may be prepared by treating sodium cyanide with acetone, followed by acidification: [3]. Considering the high toxicity of acetone cyanohydrin, a lab scale production has been developed using a microreactor-scale flow chemistry [4] to avoid needing to manufacture and store large quantities of the reagent.
Among the most toxic cyanides are hydrogen cyanide (HCN), sodium cyanide (NaCN), potassium cyanide (KCN), and calcium cyanide (Ca(CN) 2). The cyanide anion is an inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (also known as aa 3), the fourth complex of the electron transport chain found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic ...
The compound is linear and polar, but it does not spontaneously ionize in water. It dissolves in both water and polar organic solvents. Cyanogen bromide can be prepared by oxidation of sodium cyanide with bromine, which proceeds in two steps via the intermediate cyanogen ((CN) 2): 2 NaCN + Br 2 → (CN) 2 + 2 NaBr (CN) 2 + Br 2 → 2 (CN)Br
Cyanoacetic acid is prepared by treatment of chloroacetate salts with sodium cyanide followed by acidification. [1] [2] Electrosynthesis by cathodic reduction of carbon dioxide and anodic oxidation of acetonitrile also affords cyanoacetic acid. [3] Cyanoacetic acid is used to do cyanoacetylation, first convenient method described by J. Slätt. [4]
In contact with water, it hydrolyses into hydrogen cyanamide which decomposes and liberates ammonia: [5] CaCN 2 + 3 H 2 O → 2 NH 3 + CaCO 3. It was used to produce sodium cyanide by fusing with sodium carbonate: CaCN 2 + Na 2 CO 3 + 2 C → 2 NaCN + CaO + 2 CO. Sodium cyanide is used in cyanide process in gold mining.
Most commercial electroplating of cadmium is done by electrodeposition from cyanide baths. These cyanide baths consist of cadmium oxide and sodium cyanide in water, which likely form cadmium cyanide and sodium hydroxide. A typical formula is 32 g/L cadmium oxide and 75 g/L sodium cyanide. The cadmium concentration may vary by as much as 50%.
The cyanoacetic acid can be prepared via Kolbe nitrile synthesis using sodium chloroacetate and sodium cyanide. [3] Reaction of the sodium cyanoacetate with ethyl bromide in an aqueous–organic two-phase system in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. [4] Oxidation of 3-ethoxypropionitrile, an ether, with oxygen under pressure in the ...