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Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), the first twelve-step fellowship, was founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Robert Holbrook Smith, known to AA members as "Bill W." and "Dr. Bob", in Akron, Ohio. In 1946 they formally established the twelve traditions to help deal with the issues of how various groups could relate and function as membership grew.
After evaluating AA's literature and observing AA meetings for sixteen months, sociologists David R. Rudy and Arthur L. Greil found that for an AA member to remain sober, a high level of commitment is necessary. This commitment is facilitated by a change in the member's worldview.
Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions is a 1953 book, which explains the 24 basic principles of Alcoholics Anonymous and their application. [1] The book dedicates a chapter to each step and each tradition, providing a detailed interpretation of these principles for personal recovery and the organization of the group. [2]
The actual history of how the AA chip came about after this is still a mystery. It is believed to have originated in 1942 in Indianapolis. The man who began the Alcoholics Anonymous section in Indianapolis, Doherty S., is thought to have started the sobriety coin tradition within this section of AA.
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The traditions were first published in the April 1946 AA Grapevine under the title Twelve Points to Assure Our Future [3] and were formally adopted at AA's first international convention in 1950. [1] Wilson's book on the subject, Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions , was published in April 1953.