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The nichrome wire is wound around a ceramic core, and the number of spirals per inch vary according to the requested watt density. Potential from an alternating current source, which can either be 2 phase or 3 phase, flows through the coiled nichrome wire, heating up the wire, which in turn, heats the cartridge heater sheath.
A ceramic heater as a consumer product is a space heater that generates heat using a heating element of ceramic with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ failed verification ] Ceramic heaters are usually portable and typically used for heating a room or small office, and are of similar utility to metal-element fan heaters .
The heating radiator was invented by Franz San Galli in 1855, a Kingdom of Prussia-born Russian businessman living in St. Petersburg. [2] [3] In the late 1800s, companies, such as the American Radiator Company, promoted cast iron radiators over previous fabricated steel designs in order to lower costs and expand the market.
Thin films of this material are used in heating garments, [21] in automotive rear-window defrost heaters, [22] and honeycomb-shaped elements are used in more expensive hair dryers, space heaters and most modern pellet stoves [citation needed]. Such heating elements can reach temperatures of 950–1000 °C and can reach equilibrium quickly.
An oil heater, also known as an oil-filled heater, oil-filled radiator, or column heater, is a common form of convection heater used in domestic heating. Although filled with oil , it is electrically heated and does not involve burning any oil fuel ; the oil is used as a heat reservoir (buffer).
A positive-temperature-coefficient heating element (PTC heating element), or self-regulating heater, is an electrical resistance heater whose resistance increases significantly with temperature. The name self-regulating heater comes from the tendency of such heating elements to maintain a constant temperature when supplied by a given voltage.