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Superconducting layer in the 2nd generation superconducting wires can also be grown by thermal evaporation of constituent metals, rare-earth element, barium, and copper. Prusseit provides an overview of the thermal evaporation process used to deposit high-quality YBCO films.
At the superconducting transition, it suffers a discontinuous jump and thereafter ceases to be linear. At low temperatures, it varies instead as e −α/T for some constant, α. This exponential behavior is one of the pieces of evidence for the existence of the energy gap. The order of the superconducting phase transition was
Niobium–titanium (Nb-Ti) is an alloy of niobium and titanium, used industrially as a type II superconductor wire for superconducting magnets, normally as Nb-Ti fibres in an aluminium or copper matrix. Its critical temperature is about 10 kelvins. [1]
A superconducting magnet is an electromagnet made from coils of superconducting wire. They must be cooled to cryogenic temperatures during operation. In its superconducting state the wire has no electrical resistance and therefore can conduct much larger electric currents than ordinary wire, creating intense magnetic fields.
To construct the LHC magnets required more than 28 percent of the world's niobium-titanium wire production for five years, with large quantities of NbTi also used in the magnets for the LHC's huge experiment detectors. [2] Conventional fusion machines (JET, ST-40, NTSX-U and MAST) use blocks of copper. This limits their fields to 1-3 Tesla.
Instead of using more traditional quantum computers that include "loops of supercooled superconducting wire or intentional imperfections crystalline silicon," IonQ uses trapped ions instead.