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The protein is glycosylated and its glycans are shown in orange. [1] 3D print of one of the trimeric spikes of SARS-CoV-2. In virology, a spike protein or peplomer protein is a protein that forms a large structure known as a spike or peplomer projecting from the surface of an enveloped virus.
Spike (S) glycoprotein (sometimes also called spike protein, [2] formerly known as E2 [3]) is the largest of the four major structural proteins found in coronaviruses. [4] The spike protein assembles into trimers that form large structures, called spikes or peplomers, [3] that project from the surface of the virion.
A notable example of an ectodomain is the S protein, commonly known as the spike protein, of the viral particle responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The ectodomain region of the spike protein (S) is essential for attachment and eventual entry of the viral protein into the host cell. [1]
The spike protein is also the part of the virus that the vaccines have been developed to target. The FLiRT variants have several minor mutations to the spike protein — perhaps enough to trick ...
In SARS-CoV-2, the spike protein, which has been imaged at the atomic level using cryogenic electron microscopy, [148] [149] is the protein responsible for allowing the virus to attach to and fuse with the membrane of a host cell; [147] specifically, its S1 subunit catalyzes attachment, the S2 subunit fusion. [150]
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein takes on one shape before entering a cell and another shape after, known as the prefusion and postfusion conformations. [22] Antibodies that recognize spike proteins in the prefusion shape are much more effective at preventing infection than antibodies that recognize spike proteins in the postfusion shape. [22]
The mature product of the env gene is the viral spike protein, which has two main parts: the surface protein (SU) and the transmembrane protein (TM). The tropism of the virus is determined by the SU protein domain because it is responsible for the receptor-binding function of the virus. The SU domain therefore determines the specificity of the ...
Incorporation of the spike protein (S) - which is required for assembly of infectious virions - is reported to occur though M interactions and may depend on specific conformations of M. [5] [13] The conserved amphipathic region C-terminal to the third transmembrane segment is important for spike interactions. [13]