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In narratology, focalisation is the perspective through which a narrative is presented, as opposed to an omniscient narrator. [1] Coined by French narrative theorist Gérard Genette, his definition distinguishes between internal focalisation (first-person) and external focalisation (third-person, fixed on the actions of and environments around a character), with zero focalisation representing ...
The third-person effect [1] hypothesis predicts that people tend to perceive that mass media messages have a greater effect on others than on themselves, based on personal biases. The third-person effect manifests itself through an individual's overestimation of the effect of a mass communicated message on the generalized other, or an ...
Another early example is the use of interior monologue by T. S. Eliot in his poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" (1915), "a dramatic monologue of an urban man, stricken with feelings of isolation and an incapability for decisive action," [29] a work probably influenced by the narrative poetry of Robert Browning, including "Soliloquy of ...
In linguistics, psychology, and literary theory, the concepts of deictic field and deictic shift are sometimes deployed in the study of narrative media. These terms provide a theoretical framework for helping literary analysts to conceptualize the ways in which readers redirect their attention away from their immediate surroundings as they become immersed in the reality generated by the text.
Third person, or third-person, may refer to: Third person (grammar), a point of view (in English, he, she, it, and they) Illeism, the act of referring to oneself in the third person; Third-person narrative, a perspective in plays, storytelling, or movies; Third-person view, a point of view in video games where the camera is positioned above the ...
The theory-theory (or ' theory theory ') is a scientific theory relating to the human development of understanding about the outside world. [1] This theory asserts that individuals hold a basic or 'naïve' theory of psychology (" folk psychology ") to infer the mental states of others, [ 1 ] such as their beliefs, desires or emotions.
Attempts have been made at a classification of unreliable narrators. William Riggan analysed in a 1981 study four discernible types of unreliable narrators, focusing on the first-person narrator as this is the most common kind of unreliable narration. [6] Riggan provides the following definitions and examples to illustrate his classifications:
The "theory of mind" is described as a theory because the behavior of the other person, such as their statements and expressions, is the only thing being directly observed; no one has direct access to the mind of another, and the existence and nature of the mind must be inferred. [11]