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Erythroderma is an inflammatory skin disease with redness and scaling that affects nearly the entire cutaneous surface. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This term applies when 90% or more of the skin is affected. In ICD-10 , a distinction is made between "exfoliative dermatitis" at L26, and "erythroderma" at L53.9.
It can be caused by infection, massage, electrical treatment, acne medication, allergies, exercise, solar radiation (), photosensitization, [3] acute radiation syndrome, mercury toxicity, blister agents, [4] niacin administration, [5] or waxing and tweezing of the hairs—any of which can cause the affected capillaries to dilate, resulting in redness.
Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (also known as "Bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma," [7] "Bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma," [8]: 482 or "bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma of Brocq" [9]) is a rare skin disease in the ichthyosis family, affecting around 1 in 250,000 people.
Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma) Erythrokeratodermia with ataxia (Giroux–Barbeau syndrome) Familial benign chronic pemphigus (familial benign pemphigus, Hailey–Hailey disease) Fanconi syndrome (familial pancytopenia, familial panmyelophthisis)
Calcineurin inhibitors, such as pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, can offer a non-steroid option for longer-term management of troublesome areas. 7 Eczema Types: What to Know About the Symptoms, Causes ...
Psoriatic erythroderma can be congenital or secondary to an environmental trigger. [12] [13] [14] Environmental triggers that have been documented include sunburn, skin trauma, psychological stress, systemic illness, alcoholism, drug exposure, chemical exposure (e.g., topical tar, computed tomography contrast material), and the sudden cessation of medication.
Unlike generalized immunosuppressive medical therapies such as methotrexate, biologics target specific aspects of the immune system contributing to psoriasis. [99] These medications are generally well-tolerated, and limited long-term outcome data have demonstrated biologics to be safe for long-term use in moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
Generalized erythroderma – redness of the skin [3] Lymphadenopathy – swollen, enlarged lymph nodes [3] Atypical T cells – malignant lymphocytes known as "Sézary cells" seen in the peripheral blood with typical cerebriform nuclei (brain-shaped, convoluted nuclei) [8] [3] Hepatosplenomegaly– enlarged liver and spleen [9]