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The ancient Tamil music is the historical predecessor of the Carnatic music during the Sangam period spanning from 500 BCE to 200 CE. [1] Many poems of the classical Sangam literature were set to music. There are various references to this ancient musical tradition found in the ancient Sangam books such as Ettuthokai and Pattupattu.
The mridangam has a large role in Newa music. One of the earliest Nepal Bhasa manuscripts on music is a treatise on this instrument called Mridanga anukaranam. [1] The range of its use has changed over the years. In the old days, percussionists were only employed to accompany the lead player, often the vocalist.
In Tamil, the word parai means "to speak" or "to tell". [1] The exact origin of the instrument is not clear. The instrument was one of the ancient native music instruments developed and used by the Tamil people. [2] [3] Parai is mentioned in Sangam literature and was used to make announcements, with the announcers termed as Paraiyar.
The early narrative poem Silappatikaram, belonging to the post-Sangam period also mentions various forms of music practiced by the Tamil people. Music was also utilised in the compositions of the Tamil Saiva saints such as Appar , Thirugnana Sambanthar and Manikkavasagar during the Hindu revival period between the sixth and the tenth centuries CE.
One of the prominent Sangam Tamil poets is known as Eelattu Poothanthevanar meaning Poothan-thevan (proper name) hailing from Eelam mentioned in Akanaṉūṟu: 88, 231, 307; Kurunthokai: 189, 360, 343 and Naṟṟiṇai: 88, 366. The historical value of the Sangam poems has been critically analysed by scholars in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Agathiyar (), Chairman of first Tamil Sangam, at Madurai in the Pandiya kingdom.Statue of Agastya in the Tamil Thai (Mother Tamil) temple in Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. The Tamil Sangams (Tamil: சங்கம் caṅkam, Old Tamil 𑀘𑀗𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆, from Sanskrit saṅgha) were three legendary gatherings of Tamil scholars and poets that, according to traditional Tamil accounts ...
Sangam, a 1997 Pakistani film by Syed Noor; Sangama, a 2008 Indian Kannada-language film starring Ganesh and Vedhika; Sangam: Michael Nyman Meets Indian Masters a 2003 album by Michael Nyman and U. Srinivas; Sangam (Charles Lloyd album), a 2004 jazz album by Charles Lloyd, with Zakir Hussain and Eric Harland; Sangam (Trygve Seim album), 2004
The early Sangam poetry diligently follows two meters, while the later Sangam poetry is a bit more diverse. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] The two meters found in the early poetry are akaval and vanci . [ 28 ] The fundamental metrical unit in these is the acai (metreme [ 29 ] ), itself of two types – ner and nirai .