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Left atrial enlargement can be mild, moderate or severe depending on the extent of the underlying condition. Although other factors may contribute, left atrium size has been found to be a predictor of mortality due to both cardiovascular issues as well as all-cause mortality.
Atrial enlargement refers to a condition where the left atrium or right atrium of the heart is larger than would be expected. It can also affect both atria. It can also affect both atria. [ 1 ]
The constant pressure overload of the left atrium will cause the left atrium to increase in size. As the left atrium increases in size, it becomes more prone to develop atrial fibrillation (AF). In individuals with severe mitral stenosis, the left ventricular filling is dependent on the atrial kick.
Dilated cardiomyopathy is one of the main causes of heart failure. It occurs in about 1 in 2,500 people. Treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy may involve taking medications or surgery to reduce ...
Chest x-ray in mitral stenosis will typically show an enlarged left atrium, and may show dilation of the pulmonary veins. [32] ECG can show left atrial enlargement, due to increased pressures in the left atrium. [32] Echocardiography is helpful in determining the severity of the disease by estimating the pulmonary artery systolic pressure. [32]
There is myocardial necrosis (cell death) and disproportionate thinning of the heart. This thin, weakened area is unable to withstand the pressure and volume load on the heart in the same manner as the other healthy tissue. As a result, there is dilatation of the chamber arising from the infarct region.
Dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type of cardiomegaly. In this condition, the walls of the left and/or right ventricles of the heart become thin and stretched. [29] In the other types, the heart's left ventricle becomes abnormally thick. Hypertrophy is usually what causes left ventricular enlargement.
Sudden Death (In which case the disease is an autopsy finding) The symptoms and signs of left atrial myxomata often mimic mitral stenosis. General symptoms may also be present, such as: [3] Cough; Pulmonary edema – as blood backs up into the pulmonary artery, after increased pressures in the left atrium and atrial dilation; Hemoptysis; Fever