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Elizabeth Shilin Spelke FBA (born May 28, 1949) is an American cognitive psychologist at the Department of Psychology of Harvard University and director of the Laboratory for Developmental Studies. Starting in the 1980s, she carried out experiments on infants and young children to test their cognitive faculties.
Karen Wynn is known for her pioneering work on infants' and children's early numerical cognition.The first of her many influential research studies on this topic, published in the scientific journal Nature in 1992, reported that five-month-old human infants are able to compute the outcomes of simple addition and subtraction operations on small sets of physical objects.
Educational research refers to the systematic collection and analysis of evidence and data related to the field of education. Research may involve a variety of methods [1] [2] [3] and various aspects of education including student learning, interaction, teaching methods, teacher training, and classroom dynamics.
Ellen Jane Langer (/ ˈ l æ ŋ ər /; born March 25, 1947) is an American professor of psychology at Harvard University; in 1981, she became the first woman ever to be tenured in psychology at Harvard. [1] [2] She is widely known as the "mother of mindfulness" [3] and the "mother of positive psychology". [4]
Experimental psychology refers to work done by those who apply experimental methods to psychological study and the underlying processes. Experimental psychologists employ human participants and animal subjects to study a great many topics, including (among others) sensation, perception, memory, cognition, learning, motivation, emotion; developmental processes, social psychology, and the neural ...
Carol Anne Tavris (born September 17, 1944) [1] is an American social psychologist and feminist.She has devoted her career to writing and lecturing about the contributions of psychological science to the beliefs and practices that guide people's lives, and to criticizing "psychobabble," "biobunk," and pseudoscience.
There were 32 children who were used as participants in this experiment consisting of 16 boys and 16 girls. The participants attended the Bing Nursery School of Stanford University. The children ranged in age from three years and six months, to five years and eight months. The median age was four years and six months.
Recent meta-analytic studies of this model of attachment based on contingency found a moderate effect of contingency on attachment, which increased to a large effect size when the quality of reinforcement was considered. [26] Other research on contingency highlights its effect on the development of both pro-social and anti-social behavior.