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  2. Wide and narrow data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_and_narrow_data

    Many statistical and data processing systems have functions to convert between these two presentations, for instance the R programming language has several packages such as the tidyr package.

  3. Comma-separated values - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values

    Comma-separated values (CSV) is a text file format that uses commas to separate values, and newlines to separate records. A CSV file stores tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text, where each line of the file typically represents one data record. Each record consists of the same number of fields, and these are separated by commas in the ...

  4. Associative array - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array

    This is most commonly implemented in the underlying object model, like .Net or Cocoa, which includes standard functions that convert the internal data into text. The program can create a complete text representation of any group of objects by calling these methods, which are almost always already implemented in the base associative array class ...

  5. Table (database) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(database)

    In a database, a table is a collection of related data organized in table format; consisting of columns and rows.. In relational databases, and flat file databases, a table is a set of data elements (values) using a model of vertical columns (identifiable by name) and horizontal rows, the cell being the unit where a row and column intersect. [1]

  6. Data dictionary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_dictionary

    The terms data dictionary and data repository indicate a more general software utility than a catalogue. A catalogue is closely coupled with the DBMS software. It provides the information stored in it to the user and the DBA, but it is mainly accessed by the various software modules of the DBMS itself, such as DDL and DML compilers, the query optimiser, the transaction processor, report ...

  7. Aggregate function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate_function

    The listagg function, as defined in the SQL:2016 standard [2] aggregates data from multiple rows into a single concatenated string. In the entity relationship diagram , aggregation is represented as seen in Figure 1 with a rectangle around the relationship and its entities to indicate that it is being treated as an aggregate entity.

  8. Hierarchical Data Format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_Data_Format

    Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) is a set of file formats (HDF4, HDF5) designed to store and organize large amounts of data.Originally developed at the U.S. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, it is supported by The HDF Group, a non-profit corporation whose mission is to ensure continued development of HDF5 technologies and the continued accessibility of data stored in HDF.

  9. Data transformation (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transformation...

    In computing, data transformation is the process of converting data from one format or structure into another format or structure. It is a fundamental aspect of most data integration [ 1 ] and data management tasks such as data wrangling , data warehousing , data integration and application integration.