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Peter Waldo (/ ˈ w ɔː l d oʊ, ˈ w ɒ l-/; [1] also Valdo, Valdes, Waldes; French: Pierre Vaudès, de Vaux; Latin: Petrus Waldus, Valdus; [2] [3] c. 1140 – c. 1205) was the leader of the Waldensians, a Christian spiritual movement of the Middle Ages. The tradition that his first name was "Peter" can only be traced back to the fourteenth ...
According to legend, Peter Waldo renounced his wealth as an encumbrance to preaching, [38] [full citation needed] which led other members of the Catholic clergy to follow his example. Because of this shunning of wealth, the movement was early known as The Poor of Lyon and The Poor of Lombardy.
[39] [3] The Waldensian movement was started by Peter Waldo, they contested the institution of the papacy and the wealth of the church, however they still took part in the sacraments of the Catholic church. [40] Fraticelli: the Fraticelli or Spiritual Franciscans were an extreme group of the Franciscans in the 13th century.
The term Catholic Bible can be understood in two ways. More generally, it can refer to a Christian Bible that includes the whole 73-book canon recognized by the Catholic Church, including some of the deuterocanonical books (and parts of books) of the Old Testament which are in the Greek Septuagint collection, but which are not present in the Hebrew Masoretic Text collection.
Between 1170 and 1180, Peter Waldo commissioned a cleric from Lyon to translate the New Testament into the vernacular "Romance" (Franco-Provençal). [13] He is credited with providing Western Europe the first translation of Scriptures in a 'modern tongue' outside of Latin . [ 14 ]
Since Peter Waldo's Franco-Provençal translation of the New Testament in the late 1170s, and Guyart des Moulins' Bible Historiale manuscripts of the Late Middle Ages, there have been innumerable vernacular translations of the scriptures on the European continent, greatly aided and catalysed by the development of the printing press, first invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the late 1430s.