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Bronshtein and Semendyayev is a comprehensive handbook of fundamental working knowledge of mathematics and table of formulas based on the Russian book Справочник по математике для инженеров и учащихся втузов (Spravochnik po matematike dlya inzhenerov i uchashchikhsya vtuzov, literally: "Handbook of mathematics for engineers and students of ...
Modulo is a mathematical jargon that was introduced into mathematics in the book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1801. [3] Given the integers a, b and n, the expression "a ≡ b (mod n)", pronounced "a is congruent to b modulo n", means that a − b is an integer multiple of n, or equivalently, a and b both share the same remainder when divided by n.
This principle, foundational for all mathematics, was first elaborated for geometry, and was systematized by Euclid around 300 BC in his book Elements. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] The resulting Euclidean geometry is the study of shapes and their arrangements constructed from lines, planes and circles in the Euclidean plane ( plane geometry ) and the three ...
Basic Books. 2003. ISBN 978-0-465-05480-0. (British edition titled A Mathematician Plays the Market) Irreligion: A Mathematician Explains Why the Arguments for God Just Don't Add Up. Hill and Wang. 2007. ISBN 978-0-8090-5919-5. A Numerate Life - A Mathematician Explores the Vagaries of Life, His Own and probably Yours. Prometheus Books. 2015.
In mathematics, a singleton (also known as a unit set [1] or one-point set) is a set with exactly one element. For example, the set { 0 } {\displaystyle \{0\}} is a singleton whose single element is 0 {\displaystyle 0} .
Mathematical tables are lists of numbers showing the results of a calculation with varying arguments.Trigonometric tables were used in ancient Greece and India for applications to astronomy and celestial navigation, and continued to be widely used until electronic calculators became cheap and plentiful in the 1970s, in order to simplify and drastically speed up computation.
where i is the imaginary unit, i.e., a (non-real) number satisfying i 2 = −1. Addition and multiplication of real numbers are defined in such a way that expressions of this type satisfy all field axioms and thus hold for C. For example, the distributive law enforces (a + bi)(c + di) = ac + bci + adi + bdi 2 = (ac − bd) + (bc + ad)i.
The first book on the systematic algebraic solutions of linear and quadratic equations by the Persian scholar Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī. The book is considered to be the foundation of modern algebra and Islamic mathematics. [10] The word "algebra" itself is derived from the al-Jabr in the title of the book. [11]