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In Islam, the ulama (/ ˈ uː l ə ˌ m ɑː /; Arabic: علماء, romanized: ʿulamāʾ, lit. 'the learned ones'; [1] singular Arabic: عالِم, romanized: ʿālim; feminine singular alimah; plural aalimath [2]), also spelled ulema, are scholars of Islamic doctrine and law.
Modern-era (20th to 21st century) Islamic scholars include the following, referring to religious authorities whose publications or statements are accepted as pronouncements on religion by their respective communities and adherents. Geographical categories have been created based on commonalities in culture and across the Islamic World.
Islamic studies scholars are also active in the history and philosophy of science. Significant progress in science was made in the Muslim world during the Middle Ages, especially during the Islamic Golden Age, which is considered a major period in the history of science. Timeline of Islamic science and engineering
Imam is an Arabic word meaning "Leader". The ruler of a country might be called the Imam, for example. The term, however, has important connotations in the Islamic tradition especially in Shia belief. In Sunni belief, the term is used for the founding scholars of the four Sunni madhhabs, or schools of religious jurisprudence .
Ulama, guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious knowledge in Islam; Allamah, Islamic honorary title for a scholar; Mullah, Muslim clergy or mosque leader; List of da'is; List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars; List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars; List of Turkish philosophers and scientists; Islamic philosophy
Sheikh (/ ʃ eɪ k, ʃ iː k / SHAYK, SHEEK, [1] Arabic: شَيْخ, romanized: shaykh, commonly, plural: شُيُوخ, shuyūkh) [a] is an honorific title in the Arabic language, literally meaning "elder". It commonly designates a tribal chief or a Muslim scholar. Though this title generally refers to men, there are also a small number of ...
ʿAqīdah is an Islamic term meaning "creed" or "belief". [5] Any religious belief system, or creed, can be considered an example of ʿaqīdah. This term has taken a significant technical usage in Muslim history and theology, denoting those matters over which Muslims hold conviction. The term is usually translated as "theology".
Islamic philosophy refers to philosophy produced in an Islamic society. As it is not necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor exclusively produced by Muslims, [3] many scholars prefer the term "Arabic philosophy." [4] Islamic philosophy is a generic term that can be defined and used in different ways.