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ZETA's failure was due to limited information; using the best available measurements, ZETA was returning several signals that suggested the neutrons were due to fusion. The original temperature measures were made by examining the Doppler shifting of the spectral lines of the atoms in the plasma. [ 65 ]
The first Soviet fusion bomb test, RDS-6s, American codename "Joe 4", demonstrated the first fission/fusion/fission "layercake" design, limited below the megaton range, with less than 20% of the yield coming directly from fusion. It was quickly superseded by the Teller-Ulam design. This was the first aerial drop of a fusion weapon.
The first successful man-made fusion device was the boosted fission weapon tested in 1951 in the Greenhouse Item test. The first true fusion weapon was 1952's Ivy Mike, and the first practical example was 1954's Castle Bravo. In these devices, the energy released by a fission explosion compresses and heats the fuel, starting a fusion reaction.
This work, through fits and starts, led to the ZETA system, [36] the first truly large-scale fusion reactor. Compared to the small tabletop devices built in the U.S., ZETA filled a hangar and operated at energy levels far beyond any other machine.
An early attempt to build a large-scale nuclear fusion reactor, the project was started in 1954, and the first successes were achieved in 1957. In 1968 the project was shut down, as it was believed that no further progress could be made with the kind of design that ZETA represented (see Timeline of nuclear fusion).
The Harwell fusion team completed construction of the ZETA reactor in August 1957. This was the world's first truly large-scale fusion device, both in size and in terms of the power fed into the plasma. After the machine proved stable, the teams began introducing deuterium fuel into the mix, and immediately noticed neutrons being released ...
The first real effort to build a control fusion reactor used the pinch effect in a toroidal container. A large transformer wrapping the container was used to induce a current in the plasma inside. This current creates a magnetic field that squeezes the plasma into a thin ring, thus "pinching" it.
Full-fledged fusion reactor with tritium breeding and up to 500 MW output: CFETR (China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor) [57] Planned: ≥2024: 2030? Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences: 7.2 m / 2.2 m ? 6.5 T ? 14 MA ? Bridge gaps between ITER and DEMO, planned fusion power 1000 MW: ST-F1 (Spherical Tokamak - Fusion 1) [58 ...