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  2. Charles III, Duke of Parma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Parma

    Charles III (Italian: Carlo III di Borbone, Duca di Parma e Piacenza; 14 January 1823 – 27 March 1854) was the duke of Parma from 1849 to 1854. He was the son of Duke Charles II of Parma and was educated in Saxony and Vienna. He grew up as a restless young man and traveled extensively while he was the hereditary prince of Lucca.

  3. History of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Duchy_of...

    The history of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, a former state on the Italian Peninsula whose capital was the city of Parma, begins in 1545 and ends in 1860.. The duchy was established due to nepotism practised by Pope Paul III and was initially governed by the Farnese family, to which the pontiff belonged.

  4. Duchy of Parma and Piacenza - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma_and_Piacenza

    The Duchy would thus be inherited by his first son with Elisabeth, Infante Carlos of Spain, who reigned as Duke Charles I of Parma and Piacenza. He ruled his territories for four years until the end of the War of the Polish Succession , when, according to what was established in the Treaty of Vienna (1738) , he handed over both duchies to the ...

  5. List of historical states of Italy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_historical_states...

    Political map of Italy in the year 1843. Following the defeat of Napoleon's France, the Congress of Vienna (1815) was convened to redraw the European continent. In Italy, the Congress restored the pre-Napoleonic patchwork of independent governments, either directly ruled or strongly influenced by the prevailing European powers, particularly ...

  6. Duke of Parma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Parma

    The Duke of Parma and Piacenza (Italian: duca di Parma e Piacenza) was the ruler of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, a historical state of Northern Italy. It was created by Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese) for his son Pier Luigi Farnese . [ 1 ]

  7. House of Bourbon-Parma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Parma

    Charles II, Duke of Parma 1847–1848: 22 December 1799 Madrid son of Louis of Etruria and Maria Louisa, Duchess of Lucca: Maria Teresa of Savoy 5 September 1820 2 children: 16 April 1883 Nice aged 84 Charles III, Duke of Parma 1848–1854: 14 January 1823 Lucca son of Charles II, Duke of Parma and Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy

  8. Citadel of Parma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_of_Parma

    The Citadel of Parma (Italian: Cittadella di Parma) is a pentagonal fortress built in the Emilian city in the last years of the 16th century. [1]The structure was erected at the behest of the Duke of Parma and Piacenza Alessandro Farnese and entrusted to the engineers Giovanni Antonio Stirpio de' Brunelli and Genesio Bresciani with the collaboration of Smeraldo Smeraldi.

  9. Charles II, Duke of Parma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Parma

    In 1801, for the Treaty of Aranjuez, Charles Louis became Crown Prince of the newly created Kingdom of Etruria, formed from the former territories of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, as heir to his father, whom Napoleon had made King of Etruria in compensation for giving up his right to Parma. On 21 April 1801 Charles Louis left Spain with his ...