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Comparison of phase diagrams of carbon dioxide (red) and water (blue) as a log-lin chart with phase transitions points at 1 atmosphere pressure. Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide (CO 2), a molecule consisting of a single carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms.
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
A non-physical standard state is one whose properties are obtained by extrapolation from a physical state (for example, a solid superheated above the normal melting point, or an ideal gas at a condition where the real gas is non-ideal). Metastable liquids and solids are important because some substances can persist and be used in that state ...
With radiation equilibrium temperatures of 40–50 K, [177] the objects in the Kuiper Belt are expected to have amorphous water ice. While water ice has been observed on several objects, [178] [179] the extreme faintness of these objects makes it difficult to determine the structure of the ices. The signatures of crystalline water ice was ...
Comparison of phase diagrams of carbon dioxide (red) and water (blue) showing the carbon dioxide sublimation point (middle-left) at 1 atmosphere. As dry ice is heated, it crosses this point along the bold horizontal line from the solid phase directly into the gaseous phase. Water, on the other hand, passes through a liquid phase at 1 atmosphere.
Another type of binary phase diagram is a boiling-point diagram for a mixture of two components, i. e. chemical compounds. For two particular volatile components at a certain pressure such as atmospheric pressure, a boiling-point diagram shows what vapor (gas) compositions are in equilibrium with given liquid compositions depending on ...
The various triple points of water Phases in stable equilibrium Pressure Temperature liquid water, ice I h, and water vapor 611.657 Pa [51] 273.16 K (0.01 °C) liquid water, ice I h, and ice III: 209.9 MPa 251 K (−22 °C) liquid water, ice III, and ice V: 350.1 MPa −17.0 °C liquid water, ice V, and ice VI: 632.4 MPa 0.16 °C
Water boiling at 99.3 °C (210.8 °F) at 215 m (705 ft) elevation. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid [1] [2] and the liquid changes into a vapor. The boiling point of a liquid varies depending upon the surrounding environmental pressure.