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Two principal techniques are used to produce seed beads: the wound method and the drawn method. The wound method is the more-traditional technique, is more time-consuming, and is no longer used in modern bead production: in this technique, a chunk of glass known in glassmaking as a gather and composed mainly of silica is heated on an iron bar until molten.
The Society of Bead Researchers is a scholarly association for those studying beads and beadmaking in the context of history, ethnology and archaeology worldwide. The society was founded in 1981 [ 1 ] by Peter Francis, Jr. , director of the Center for Bead Research in Lake Placid, New York, [ 2 ] Elizabeth J. Harris and Jamey D. Allen.
A bead is a small, decorative object that is formed in a variety of shapes and sizes of a material such as stone, bone, shell, glass, plastic, wood, or pearl and with a small hole for threading or stringing. Beads range in size from under 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to over 1 centimeter (0.39 in) in diameter.
Each bead is the beach-worn apex of a cone snail. Such shells are often strung as necklaces, known as puka shell necklaces. Puka is the Hawaiian word for "hole" and refers to the naturally occurring hole in the middle of these rounded and worn shell fragments. Numerous inexpensive imitations are now widely sold as puka shell necklaces.
Beads are usually cut directly into the edge of the item to which the bead is being applied. However, beads applied across the grain are usually cut into a separate piece, which is then fixed in position. A bead is also an important design element in wood turning, a ring-shape or convex curve incised into a piece by the use of a chisel or skew. [3]
Fuse beads are sold in a variety of sizes, but most have diameter 5 mm, and 5 mm Hama beads are compatible with 5 mm Perler beads. [1] Hamabeads come in three sizes: mini (2 mm), midi (5 mm) and maxi (10 mm). [7] Perler beads come in two sizes called classic (5 mm) and biggie (10 mm). Pyssla beads (by IKEA) only come in one size (5 mm).