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Phenylephrine, sold under the brand names Neosynephrine and Sudafed PE among others, is a medication used as a decongestant for uncomplicated nasal congestion in the form of a nasal spray or oral tablet, [5] to dilate the pupil, to increase blood pressure given intravenously in cases of low blood pressure, and to relieve hemorrhoids as a suppository.
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Phenylephrine/ketorolac was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2014, [4] and in the European Union in July 2015. [2] References
In addition to steroid nasal sprays and antihistamine sprays, Tracy says phenylephrine is still considered effective in nasal spray form — though Tracy warns it can be “habit-forming” if ...
Phenylephrine is an oral medication primarily used as a decongestant. [5] [6] It is a selective α 1-adrenergic receptor activator which results in the constriction of both arteries and veins. [5] Common side effects include nausea, headache, and anxiety. [5] Phenylephrine was patented in 1927 and came into medical use in 1938. [7]
Panadol Cold and Catarrh contains three active ingredients: paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride as a nasal decongestant, and chlorpheniramine maleate to prevent certain allergies. [19] Panadol Cold and Flu and Panadol Fever and Congestion both combine paracetamol with phenylephrine hydrochloride as a nasal decongestant. [12] [26]
Extracts of unripe fruit from Asian cultivars of Citrus aurantium (commonly known as "bitter" orange), collected in China, were reported to contain synephrine levels of about 0.1–0.3%, or ~1–3 mg/g; [10] Analysis of dried fruit of C. aurantium grown in Italy showed a concentration of synephrine of ~1 mg/g, with peel containing over three times more than the pulp.
Topical atropine is used as a cycloplegic, to temporarily paralyze the accommodation reflex, and as a mydriatic, to dilate the pupils. [15] Atropine degrades slowly, typically wearing off in 7 to 14 days, so it is generally used as a therapeutic mydriatic, whereas tropicamide (a shorter-acting cholinergic antagonist) or phenylephrine (an α-adrenergic agonist) is preferred as an aid to ...