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Statue of the Sapa Inca Pachacuti wearing the Mascapaicha (imperial crown), in the main square of Aguas Calientes, Peru. The Sapa Inca (from Quechua sapa inka; lit. ' the only emperor ') was the monarch of the Inca Empire (Tawantinsuyu "the region of the four [provinces]"), as well as ruler of the earlier Kingdom of Cuzco and the later Neo-Inca State.
Huayna Capac (/'waɪnə ˈkæpæk/; Cuzco Quechua: Wayna Qhapaq /ˈwajna 'qʰapaq/ [ˈwajna 'qʰapaχ]) (before 1493 – 1527) was the third Sapa Inca of Tawantinsuyu, the Inca Empire. He was the son of and successor to Túpac Inca Yupanqui., [1]: 108 the sixth Sapa Inca of the Hanan dynasty, and eleventh of the Inca civilization.
Tupaq Wallpa (alternatively Túpac Huallpa or Huallpa Túpac); before July 1533 – October 1533), original name Awki Wallpa Túpaq, was the first vassal Sapa Inca installed by the Spanish conquistadors, during the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire led by Francisco Pizarro.
Tupaq Amaru, last Inca King, prisoner of the Spaniards, 1572 (drawing by Guaman Poma de Ayala) The five captured Inca generals received a summary trial and were sentenced to death by hanging. Several had already died of torture or disease. The trial of the Sapa Inca himself began a couple of days later. Túpac Amaru was convicted of the murder ...
Pachacuti's son Tupac Inca began conquests to the north in 1463 and continued them as Sapa Inca after Pachacuti's death in 1471. His most important conquest was the Kingdom of Chimor , the Inca's only serious rival in the coast of the central Andes.
Throughout the Inca Empire's history, each Sapa Inca worked to expand the territory of the empire. When Pachacuti, the 9th Sapa Inca ruled, he expanded the Empire to northern Peru. [13] At this point, Pachacuti sent his son Tupac Inca Yupanqui to invade and conquer the territory of present-day Ecuador. [14]
Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, also called Pachacútec (Quechua: Pachakutiy Inka Yupanki), was the ninth Sapa Inca of the Chiefdom of Cusco, which he transformed into the Inca Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu). Most archaeologists now believe that the famous Inca site of Machu Picchu was built as an estate for Pachacuti. [4]
The top was the Sapa Inca, who wore the maskaypacha as a symbol of power. [102] Below that may have been the Willaq Umu, literally the "priest who recounts", the High Priest of the Sun. [103] However, beneath the Sapa Inca also sat the Inkap rantin, who was a confidant and assistant to the Sapa Inca, perhaps similar to a Prime Minister. [104]