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In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function.The name organelle comes from the idea that these structures are parts of cells, as organs are to the body, hence organelle, the suffix -elle being a diminutive.
The process is divided into three steps: protrusion of the leading edge of the cell, adhesion of the leading edge and de-adhesion at the cell body and rear, and cytoskeletal contraction to pull the cell forward. Each step is driven by physical forces generated by unique segments of the cytoskeleton. [17] [16]
The eukaryotes (/ j uː ˈ k ær i oʊ t s,-ə t s / yoo-KARR-ee-ohts, -əts) [4] constitute the domain of Eukaryota or Eukarya, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.All animals, plants, fungi, seaweeds, and many unicellular organisms are eukaryotes.
The cell nucleus (from Latin nucleus or nuculeus 'kernel, seed'; pl.: nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.Eukaryotic cells usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have many.
The cytoplasm describes all the material within a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, including the organelles [1] and excluding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.
Simple columnar epithelium is a single layer of columnar epithelial cells which are tall and slender with oval-shaped nuclei located in the basal region, attached to the basement membrane.
Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of cells with little extracellular matrix.An example is the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin.
Beta cells are the only site of insulin synthesis in mammals. [7] As glucose stimulates insulin secretion, it simultaneously increases proinsulin biosynthesis through translational control and enhanced gene transcription.