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Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure. [1] [2] This class of medicine works by causing relaxation of blood vessels as well as a decrease in blood volume, which leads to lower blood pressure and decreased oxygen demand from the heart.
Two main categories of antiplatelets are COX-1 inhibitors and ADP receptor inhibitors, while anticoagulants include vitamin K antagonists, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and indirect thrombin inhibitors. Since cardiovascular agents have narrow therapeutic windows, a slight rise in dose may result in severe toxicity. Hence, monitoring at ...
Reflecting the critical role of zinc, ACE can be inhibited by metal-chelating agents. [14] ACE in complex with inhibitor lisinopril, zinc cation shown in grey, chloride anions in yellow. Based on PyMOL rendering of PDB 1o86. The picture shows that lisinopril is a competitive inhibitor, since it and angiotensin I are similar structurally.
Lisinopril is a medication belonging to the drug class of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, and heart attacks. [7] For high blood pressure it is usually a first-line treatment. It is also used to prevent kidney problems in people with diabetes mellitus. [7]
Contraindications to its use include volume-depleted patients, a history of angioedema while on an ACE inhibitor, pregnancy and hypotension. [citation needed] People should not take ramipril (or any ACE inhibitors) if they have hyperkalemia. It is also recommended to avoid using salt-substitutes as this can further increase potassium levels in ...
Aliskiren is an inhibitor of renin. [12] Renin, the first enzyme in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, plays a role in blood pressure control. It cleaves angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is in turn converted by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II has both direct and indirect effects on blood ...
Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. Treatments include agents that (1) increase the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas, (2) increase the sensitivity of target organs to insulin, (3) decrease the rate at which glucose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and (4) increase the loss of glucose through urination.
Moexipril was an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) [1] used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Moexipril can be administered alone or with other antihypertensives or diuretics. [2] It works by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. [3]