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A chorale cantata is a church cantata based on a chorale—in this context a Lutheran chorale. It is principally from the German Baroque era. The organizing principle is the words and music of a Lutheran hymn. Usually a chorale cantata includes multiple movements or parts. Most chorale cantatas were written between approximately 1650 and 1750.
Ach Gott, vom Himmel sieh darein (Oh God, look down from heaven), [1] BWV 2, is a chorale cantata composed by Johann Sebastian Bach for the second Sunday after Trinity in 1724. First performed on 18 June in Leipzig , it is the second cantata of his chorale cantata cycle .
A Lutheran chorale is a musical setting of a Lutheran hymn, intended to be sung by a congregation in a German Protestant church service. The typical four-part setting of a chorale, in which the sopranos (and the congregation) sing the melody along with three lower voices, is known as a chorale harmonization. The practice of singing in unison ...
Bach structured the cantata in seven movements.Both text and tune of the hymn are retained in the outer choral movements, a chorale fantasia and a four-part closing chorale, and also in the central movement, a chorale for a solo voice, and in two recitatives that include chorale text and melody, one for a solo voice, the other using the choir for the chorale part. [10]
Ach Gott, wie manches Herzeleid, BWV 58 (5 January 1727: early version, incomplete; 4 January 1733 or 3 January 1734: final version; strictly speaking not a chorale cantata, but later added to the chorale cantata cycle) [68] Ehre sei dir, Gott, gesungen, BWV 248 V (Christmas Oratorio Part V, 2 January 1735) Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel: [15]
The eldest known cantata by Bach, an early version of Christ lag in Todes Banden, BWV 4, presumably written in 1707, was a chorale cantata. The last chorale cantata he wrote in his second year in Leipzig was Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern, BWV 1, first performed on Palm Sunday, 25 March 1725. In the ten years after that he wrote at least a ...
[2] Bach led the Thomanerchor in the first performance of the cantata on 25 December 1724. [2] [4] He performed the cantata again four more times on 25 December, in 1731, in 1732 or 1733, and twice in the 1740s, [4] even after his Christmas Oratorio had been first performed in 1734 for which he also used two stanzas of the same chorale. [6] [7]
Within a few years, the format was combined with other pre-existing liturgical formats such as the chorale concerto, resulting in church cantatas that consisted of free poetry, for instance used in recitatives and arias, dicta and/or hymn-based movements: the Sonntags- und Fest-Andachten cantata libretto cycle, published in Meiningen in 1704 ...