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  2. Planetary boundary layer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_boundary_layer

    A convective planetary boundary layer is a type of planetary boundary layer where positive buoyancy flux at the surface creates a thermal instability and thus generates additional or even major turbulence. (This is also known as having CAPE or convective available potential energy; see atmospheric convection.) A convective boundary layer is ...

  3. Atmosphere of Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth

    The planetary boundary layer is the part of the troposphere that is closest to Earth's surface and is directly affected by it, mainly through turbulent diffusion. During the day the planetary boundary layer usually is well-mixed, whereas at night it becomes stably stratified with weak or intermittent mixing.

  4. Convective available potential energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_available...

    The atmosphere is warm at the surface and lower levels of the troposphere where there is mixing (the planetary boundary layer (PBL)), but becomes substantially cooler with height. The temperature profile of the atmosphere, the change in temperature, the degree that it cools with height, is the lapse rate .

  5. Atmospheric convection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_convection

    A few examples on the smaller scale would include: Convection mixing the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and allowing drier air aloft to the surface thereby decreasing dew points, creating cumulus-type clouds that can limit a small amount of sunshine, increasing surface winds, making outflow boundaries/and other smaller boundaries more diffuse ...

  6. Convective planetary boundary layer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_planetary...

    The convective planetary boundary layer (CPBL), also known as the daytime planetary boundary layer (or simply convective boundary layer, CBL, when in context), is the part of the lower troposphere most directly affected by solar heating of the Earth's surface. [1]

  7. Wind gradient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_gradient

    This bottom layer, where surface friction slows the wind and changes the wind direction, is known as the planetary boundary layer. Daytime solar heating due to insolation thickens the boundary layer, as air warmed by contact with the Earth's hot surface rises up and increasingly mixes with air higher up. Radiative cooling overnight gradually ...

  8. Capping inversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capping_inversion

    The boundary layer is the part of the atmosphere which is closest to the ground. Normally, the sun heats the ground, which in turn heats the air just above it. Thermals form when this warm air rises into the cold air (warm air is less dense than cold air), a process called convection. A convective layer such as this has the potential for cloud ...

  9. Outline of Earth sciences - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Earth_sciences

    Ozone layer – The region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's UV radiation; Tropopause – The boundary of the atmosphere between the troposphere and stratosphere; Troposphere – The lowest layer of the atmosphere; Planetary boundary layer – The lowest part of the atmosphere, directly influenced by contact with the ...