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Sample of the Egyptian Book of the Dead of the scribe Nebqed, c. 1300 BC. Africa is divided into a great number of ethnic cultures. [17] [18] [19] The continent's cultural regeneration has also been an integral aspect of post-independence nation-building on the continent, with a recognition of the need to harness the cultural resources of Africa to enrich the process of education, requiring ...
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.At about 30.3 million km 2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area. [9]
As of 2019, the total population of Africa is estimated at 1.3 billion, representing 16 percent of the world's population. [13] According to UN estimates, the population of Africa may reach 2.49 billion by 2050 (about 26% of the world's total) and 4.28 billion by 2100 (about 39% of the world's total). [13]
The official population count of the various ethnic groups in Africa is highly uncertain due to limited infrastructure to perform censuses, and due to rapid population growth. Some groups have alleged that there is deliberate misreporting in order to give selected ethnicities numerical superiority (as in the case of Nigeria's Hausa, Fulani ...
Much of Africa is made up of plains of the pediplain and etchplain type often occurring as steps. [2] [3] The etchplains are commonly associated with laterite soil and inselbergs. [2] Inselberg-dotted plains are common in Africa including Tanzania, [4] the Anti-Atlas of Morocco, [2] Namibia, [5] and the interior of Angola. [6]
The history of the indigenous African peoples spans thousands of years and includes a complex variety of cultures, languages, and political systems. Indigenous African cultures have existed since ancient times, with some of the earliest evidence of human life on the continent coming from stone tools and rock art dating back hundreds of thousands of years.
[b] [5] [6] H. sapiens most likely developed in the Horn of Africa between 300,000 and 200,000 years ago, [7] [8] although an alternative hypothesis argues that diverse morphological features of H. sapiens appeared locally in different parts of Africa and converged due to gene flow between different populations within the same period.
With nearly 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population. Africa's population is the youngest among all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Based on 2024 projections, Africa's population will reach 3.8 billion people by 2099.