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  2. Letter frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_frequency

    The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...

  3. Most common words in English - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_common_words_in_English

    Basic English; Frequency analysis, the study of the frequency of letters or groups of letters; Letter frequencies; Oxford English Corpus; Swadesh list, a compilation of basic concepts for the purpose of historical-comparative linguistics; Zipf's law, a theory stating that the frequency of any word is inversely proportional to its rank in a ...

  4. Brown Corpus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Corpus

    The Brown University Standard Corpus of Present-Day American English, better known as simply the Brown Corpus, is an electronic collection of text samples of American English, the first major structured corpus of varied genres. This corpus first set the bar for the scientific study of the frequency and distribution of word categories in ...

  5. Word list - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_list

    Word frequency is known to have various effects (Brysbaert et al. 2011; Rudell 1993). Memorization is positively affected by higher word frequency, likely because the learner is subject to more exposures (Laufer 1997). Lexical access is positively influenced by high word frequency, a phenomenon called word frequency effect (Segui et al.).

  6. WordStat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordStat

    Pre-and post-processing with R and python script Analyze more than 70 languages including Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Thai. Interactive word clouds and word frequency tables can now be obtained directly on keyword retrieval and keyword-in-context (KWIC) results allowing one to quickly identify words associated with specific content categories ...

  7. List of datasets for machine-learning research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_datasets_for...

    Omitted documents with lengths <500 words or >500,000 words, or that were <90% English. 7 billion ... Word frequency has been extracted. ... Web platform with Python ...

  8. Zipf's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zipf's_law

    A log-log plot of word frequency in the English Wikipedia (27 November 2006). 'Most popular words are "the", "of" and "and", as expected. Zipf's law corresponds to the middle linear portion of the curve, roughly following the green ( ⁠ 1 / x ⁠ ) line, while the early part is closer to the magenta ( ⁠ 1 / √ x ⁠ ) line while the later ...

  9. Frequency analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_analysis

    A typical distribution of letters in English language text. Weak ciphers do not sufficiently mask the distribution, and this might be exploited by a cryptanalyst to read the message. In cryptanalysis, frequency analysis (also known as counting letters) is the study of the frequency of letters or groups of letters in a ciphertext.