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Ships and other cargo carriers often harbor unintended "passengers", that can spread diseases to faraway destinations. While with international jet-airplane travel, people infected with a disease can carry it to distant lands, or home to their families, before their first symptoms appear.
An asymptomatic carrier is a person or other organism that has become infected with a pathogen, but shows no signs or symptoms. [ 1 ] Although unaffected by the pathogen, carriers can transmit it to others or develop symptoms in later stages of the disease.
Transmissibility is the probability of an infection, given a contact between an infected host and a noninfected host. [8] Community transmission means that the source of infection for the spread of an illness is unknown or a link in terms of contacts between patients and other people is missing. It refers to the difficulty in grasping the ...
In the first two examples, most healthy unimmunized people become infected, whereas in the bottom example only one fourth of the healthy unimmunized people become infected. Herd immunity (also called herd effect , community immunity , population immunity , or mass immunity ) is a form of indirect protection that applies only to contagious ...
Susceptibles have been exposed to neither the wild strain of the disease nor a vaccination against it, and thus have not developed immunity.Those individuals who have antibodies against an antigen associated with a particular infectious disease will not be susceptible, even if they did not produce the antibody themselves (for example, infants younger than six months who still have maternal ...
Medical history, such as close contact with other people with infectious mononucleosis; Physical examination, including palpation of any enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, or enlarged spleen. The heterophile antibody test is a screening test that gives results. Serological tests take longer time, but are more accurate.
This is what happens when the hair follicles become infected and inflamed, Dr. Goldenberg explains. “Especially in acute cases, the inflammation may cause scalp to hurt and feel tender to touch ...
The term pathogen came into use in the 1880s. [2] [3] Typically, the term pathogen is used to describe an infectious microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus. [4] [5] [6] Small animals, such as helminths and insects, can also cause or transmit disease.