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In probability theory and statistics, Student's t distribution (or simply the t distribution) is a continuous probability distribution that generalizes the standard normal distribution. Like the latter, it is symmetric around zero and bell-shaped.
The function T(h, a) gives the probability of the event (X > h and 0 < Y < aX) where X and Y are independent standard normal random variables. This function can be used to calculate bivariate normal distribution probabilities [2] [3] and, from there, in the calculation of multivariate normal distribution probabilities. [4]
In statistics, a standard normal table, also called the unit normal table or Z table, [1] is a mathematical table for the values of Φ, the cumulative distribution function of the normal distribution.
Once the t value and degrees of freedom are determined, a p-value can be found using a table of values from Student's t-distribution. If the calculated p -value is below the threshold chosen for statistical significance (usually the 0.10, the 0.05, or 0.01 level), then the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis.
The simplest case of a normal distribution is known as the standard normal distribution or unit normal distribution. This is a special case when μ = 0 {\textstyle \mu =0} and σ 2 = 1 {\textstyle \sigma ^{2}=1} , and it is described by this probability density function (or density): φ ( z ) = e − z 2 2 2 π . {\displaystyle \varphi (z ...
Most frequently, t statistics are used in Student's t-tests, a form of statistical hypothesis testing, and in the computation of certain confidence intervals. The key property of the t statistic is that it is a pivotal quantity – while defined in terms of the sample mean, its sampling distribution does not depend on the population parameters, and thus it can be used regardless of what these ...
The noncentral t-distribution generalizes Student's t-distribution using a noncentrality parameter.Whereas the central probability distribution describes how a test statistic t is distributed when the difference tested is null, the noncentral distribution describes how t is distributed when the null is false.
Pages in category "Normal distribution" The following 56 pages are in this category, out of 56 total. ... Standard normal table; Student's t-distribution;