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If these effects found in rodents carry over to humans, even minimal exposure to BPA could cause an increased risk for breast cancer. [81] The elevated incidence of breast cancer in women has been associated with prolonged exposure to high levels of estrogens. Xenoestrogens such as BPA have the capacity to perturb normal hormonal actions.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 December 2024. Cancer that originates in mammary glands Medical condition Breast cancer An illustration of breast cancer Specialty Oncology Symptoms A lump in a breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, a red scaly patch of skin on the ...
The basal-like carcinoma is a recently proposed subtype of breast cancer defined by its gene expression and protein expression profile. [1]Breast cancer can be divided into five molecular subtypes, including luminal subtype A, luminal subtype B, normal breast-like subtype, HER-2 overexpression subtype, and basal-like subtype. [2]
The main breast constituents are oxy and deoxy-hemoglobin, water, lipids and collagen. [1] In particular, collagen has been recognized as an independent risk factor for developing breast cancer. [19] Blood strongly absorbs in the red spectral range, whereas collagen, water and lipids have their absorption peaks at wavelengths longer than 900 nm.
For people with an average risk of breast cancer (meaning no family history or lifestyle factors that increase risk), doing a self-breast exam on a regular basis isn't necessary.
One of their recent publications was a 2019 meta-analysis of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk based on type and timing of therapy. [1] In 2012, the group concluded in a meta-analysis of 117 studies that the incidence of breast cancer was increased by each year younger at menarche and each year older at menopause. [4]
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