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Histology image: 21401loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Ultrastructure of the Cell: arteriole and peripheral nerve" Histology image: 1_03 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Histology at University of California, Los Angeles; Diagram at Howard University
Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes (named after German physiologist Theodor Schwann) are the principal glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Glial cells function to support neurons and in the PNS, also include satellite cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, enteric glia and glia that reside at sensory nerve endings, such as the Pacinian corpuscle.
Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy (HNPP) is a peripheral neuropathy, a condition that affects the nerves. [4] Pressure on the nerves can cause tingling sensations, numbness, pain, weakness, muscle atrophy and even paralysis of the affected area.
The perineurium is a protective sheath that surrounds a nerve fascicle. [1] This bundles together axons targeting the same anatomical location. [1] The perineurium is composed from fibroblasts. [2] In the peripheral nervous system, the myelin sheath of each axon in a nerve is wrapped in a delicate protective sheath known as the endoneurium.
First, after a period of nerve cell injury, SGCs are known to up-regulate GFAP and to undergo cell division. They have the ability to release chemoattractants, which are analogous to those released by Schwann cells and contribute to the recruitment and proliferation of macrophages. Additionally, several research groups have found that SGC ...
Malignant melanotic nerve sheath tumor (previously known as melanotic schwannoma) is a rare aggressive peripheral nerve sheath tumor that typically develops in conjunction with spinal or visceral autonomic nerves, consisting uniformly of Schwann cells displaying melanocytic differentiation.
Diseases of the peripheral nervous system can be specific to one or more nerves, or affect the system as a whole. Any peripheral nerve or nerve root can be damaged, called a mononeuropathy. Such injuries can be because of injury or trauma, or compression. Compression of nerves can occur because of a tumour mass or injury.
When the spinal nerve leaves the vertebral canal via an intervertebral foramen, two layers of the spinal meninges, the arachnoid and the dura invaginate the nerve to form a dural sleeve of connective tissue, which is the epineurium. The outer portion of this sleeve comprises the external epineurium which permits longitudinal nerve excursion and ...