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  2. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcutaneous_electrical...

    A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS or TNS) is a device that produces mild electric current to stimulate the nerves for therapeutic purposes.TENS, by definition, covers the complete range of transcutaneously applied currents used for nerve excitation, but the term is often used with a more restrictive intent, namely, to describe the kind of pulses produced by portable ...

  3. Electrical muscle stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_muscle_stimulation

    Luigi Galvani (1761) provided the first scientific evidence that current can activate muscle. During the 19th and 20th centuries, researchers studied and documented the exact electrical properties that generate muscle movement. [25] [26] It was discovered that the body functions induced by electrical stimulation caused long-term changes in the ...

  4. Microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcurrent_electrical...

    A microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulator or MENS (also microamperage electrical neuromuscular stimulator) is a device used to send weak electrical signals into the body. Such devices apply extremely small microamp [uA] electrical currents (less than 1 milliampere [mA]) to the tissues using electrodes placed on the skin.

  5. Electrotherapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrotherapy

    Electrotherapy is primarily used in physical therapy for: relaxation of muscle spasms; prevention and retardation of disuse atrophy; increase of local blood circulation; muscle rehabilitation and re-education; electrical muscle stimulation; maintaining and increasing range of motion; management of chronic and intractable pain including diabetic ...

  6. Functional electrical stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_electrical...

    Electrodes are placed over the quadriceps muscles and peroneal nerves bilaterally. The user controls the neuroprosthesis with two pushbuttons attached to the left and right handles of a walking frame, or on canes or crutches. When the neuroprosthesis is turned on, both quadriceps muscles are stimulated to provide a standing posture. [30]

  7. Neurostimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurostimulation

    Neurostimulation technology can improve the life quality of those who are severely paralyzed or have profound losses to various sense organs, as well as for permanent reduction of severe, chronic pain which would otherwise require constant (around-the-clock), high-dose opioid therapy (such as neuropathic pain and spinal-cord injury).

  8. Sacral nerve stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacral_nerve_stimulation

    Sacral nerve stimulation, also termed sacral neuromodulation, is a type of medical electrical stimulation therapy.. It typically involves the implantation of a programmable stimulator subcutaneously, which delivers low amplitude electrical stimulation via a lead to the sacral nerve, usually accessed via the S3 foramen.

  9. List of skeletal muscles of the human body - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skeletal_muscles...

    The muscle which can 'cancel' or to some degree reverse the action of the muscle. Muscle synergies are noted in parentheses when relevant. O (Occurrences) Number of times that the named muscle row occurs in a standard human body. Here it may also be denoted when a given muscles only occurs in a male or a female body.