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Testosterone production can be compromised if something happens to one of the main players in this process — the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, or the testes. ... men and women with low ...
Hypothalamic disorders result from a deficiency in the release of gonadotropic releasing hormone , while pituitary gland disorders are due to a deficiency in the release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary. [1] GnRH is the central regulator in reproductive function and sexual development via the HPG axis.
The amount of testosterone synthesized is regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis . [161] When testosterone levels are low, gonadotropin-releasing hormone is released by the hypothalamus, which in turn stimulates the pituitary gland to release FSH and LH. These latter two hormones stimulate the testis to synthesize testosterone.
The principal examples are hypothalamic-pituitary hormones that can be classified from several viewpoints: they are hypothalamic hormones (originating in the hypothalamus), they are hypophysiotropic hormones (affecting the hypophysis, that is, the pituitary gland), and they are tropic hormones (having other endocrine glands as their target).
The anterior portion of the pituitary gland produces luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and the gonads produce estrogen and testosterone. In oviparous organisms (e.g. fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds), the HPG axis is commonly referred to as the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis (HPGL-axis) in females ...
Enclomifene (INN Tooltip International Nonproprietary Name), or enclomiphene (USAN Tooltip United States Adopted Name), a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator of the triphenylethylene group, acts by antagonizing the estrogen receptor (ER) in the pituitary gland, which reduces negative feedback by estrogen on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, thereby increasing gonadotropin ...