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The first member of this family, Mimivirus, was discovered in 2003, [6] and the first complete genome sequence was published in 2004. [7] However, the mimivirus Cafeteria roenbergensis virus [8] was isolated and partially characterized in 1995, [9] although the host was misidentified at the time, and the virus was designated BV-PW1.
Transcription is believed to occur in the core particles. The core releases viral DNA and forms a cytoplasmic replication factory where DNA replication begins and transcription of late genes occurs. The replication factory forms around the viral core and expands until it occupies a large fraction of the amoeba cell volume. Later stages of the ...
The stages of mimivirus replication are not well known, but as a minimum it is known that mimivirus attaches to a chemical receptor on the surface of an amoeba cell and is taken into the cell. Once inside, an eclipse phase begins, in which the virus disappears and all appears normal within the cell.
All cell divisions, regardless of organism, are preceded by a single round of DNA replication. For simple unicellular microorganisms such as the amoeba, one cell division is equivalent to reproduction – an entire new organism is created.
During DNA replication, each strand of DNA is used as a template for the creation of new strands using a partially-conserved mechanism; proper functioning of this process results in two identical, paired chromosomes, often called sisters.
Giant viruses, or nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses, frequently infect Amoebozoa and other protists causing amoeba lysis and cell rounding in 12 hours and amoeba population collapse in 55 hours. [3] As such, there is a strong selective pressure on both Amoebozoa and their symbionts to resist these viruses.
Replication Factories Disentangle Sister Chromatids. The disentanglement is essential for distributing the chromatids into daughter cells after DNA replication. Because sister chromatids after DNA replication hold each other by Cohesin rings, there is the only chance for the disentanglement in DNA replication. Fixing of replication machineries ...
Schematic karyogram of the human chromosomes, showing their usual state in the G 0 and G 1 phase of the cell cycle. At top center it also shows the chromosome 3 pair in metaphase (annotated as "Meta."), which takes place after having undergone DNA synthesis which occurs in the S phase (annotated as S) of the cell cycle.